Ethics in Journalism Essay - 2750 Words

Ethics in Journalism (Essay Sample) Content: StudentProfessorCourseDateExecutive SummaryJournalists are often faced with ethical dilemmas in their day to day activities. One such dilemma is the issue of revealing names of sexual violence victims. Sexual violence is a sensitive matter that is likely to stigmatize victims and affect various aspects of their psychological well being. While the law in many countries assures journalists of their right of expression, this right must also be weighed against their social implications on individual persons. Revealing the names of sexual violence victims, for example, is likely to inflict pain on the victims and affect their relationships with other persons. Consequently, reporters must consider the implications of their actions rather than the economic value likely to be attained after exposing serious crimes of sexual violence. This paper examines the advantages, arguments for and against more restrictive policies with regard to exposure of personal information, and con cludes that the identity of sexual violence victims should be concealed unless with express permission from the victims. Ethics in JournalismIntroductionAn important facet about sexual violence is that it is surrounded by many misconceptions (Klein 3). These misconceptions affect the societys perceptions about sexual violence victims and often hold them complicit. These misconceptions also serve to stigmatize victims, conceal perpetrators, and downplay or even justify sexual aggression against some members of the society. Instead of condemning and punishing perpetrators, these misconceptions often result in condemning the victims. In some societies, for example, victims are often viewed as the causes of their own predicament. In some instances, women are said to have caused their own troubles (Meloy and Miller 43). Consequently, the society appears to blame victims and induce more suffering to them. As a result, very few people report sexual crimes for fear of exposure and likely st igmatization. Sexual violence, despite its prevalence in many places, ranks as one of the least reported crimes due to this immense fear. The overall objective of this paper is to argue why the identity of sexual violence victims should be concealed and provide alternative measures of helping such victims. In order to achieve the said objective, the paper looks into the merits and demerits of concealing sexual violence victims identity. BackgroundWe live in societies which view rape and other forms of sexual violence as private matters between a woman and a man (Klein 8). Additionally, societies perceive sexual violence victims as their own enemies. For women, it is assumed that they contributed to the crime by being in the public space or even dressing inappropriate (Klein 10). Statistical data on sexual violence from many parts of the world indicate that a majority of sexual violence crimes is perpetrated by men against women. This complexity, introduces a new twist which tends to protect the perpetrators of the crime. Men who perpetrate sexual violence are often concealed and protected by their families, and in some instances by administrators. Arguments for Adopting Restrictive Measures There are many arguments that have been advanced by authors why restrictive measures that prevent exposure of sexual violence victims names should be adopted. Some of these reasons will be discussed in this section. Stigmatization. In the early 1990s, rape and sex related crimes were rated as some of the most unreported criminal offenses in the United States and elsewhere. Despite legalization of media freedom, media houses adopted a non-disclosure principle that aimed at concealing the identity of victims. This principle was arrived at after a realization that sexual violence victims were faced with stigmatization following the disclosure of their identity (Klein 12). This stigma emanates mainly from the fact that sexual violence is associated with many misconceptions. Som e of these misconceptions tend to elevate men while demeaning women. Consequently, a woman who is sexually abused is often seen as the cause of such abuse. Another misconception views sexual offenders as abnormal members of the society or drug addicts, which is not always the case. People who are sexually abused feel stigmatized as a result of being associated with such people. A third misconception that causes stigmatization results from the fact that sexual violence victims are associated with immorality. Instead of receiving empathy, these victims are often condemned, making them feel unwanted in the society. These misconceptions and many others, causes psychological torture after exposure of ones identity. Exposure of sexual violence victims, not only stigmatizes the victims, but also the victims family members and friends. Members of the society have a tendency of condemning a victim, as well as his friends and family members. Often, victims are seen as ill mannered persons ma king their parents and friends suffer condemnation with equal measure. No single parent would be happy to hear that his / her child being reported as a victim of sexual violence. Stigmatization is a negative consequence of exposure, therefore, adopting restrictive measures is ethically right going by arguments proposed by Mile's principle of utilitarianism that considers the consequences of actions (Green et al. 234). Miles principle considers an action unethical if its consequences are likely to cause harm on an individual (Miles and Michael, 222). According to a research report regarding stigmatization on Rwandas genocide rape victims it emerged that stigmatization from the society has continued to deny them peaceful coexistence with other persons. Several decades after the genocide, some women are still stigmatized and feel isolated from the society (Odeth Kantengwa 18). Psychological Torture. Sexual violence is a humiliating crime that causes serious psychological changes in th e life of the victims, this is in accordance with observations made by Itzin and others (Itzin et al. 4). Various studies indicate that sexual violence causes low self esteem, brings suicidal thoughts and affects the overall behavior of individuals (Heise 16). Some victims experience mixed reactions while others may entertain suicidal thoughts. Overall, victims of sexual violence require psychiatric care and anything that may induce negative reactions should be avoided. Exposing them through print and broadcast media only serves to worsen their psychological state. Exposure through broadcast media adds to the psychological torture and can be often construed as a way of mocking the suffering individual. Rawls Veil of ignorance (Rawls 39) can be applied to weigh the ethical standing of exposure of victims names with regard to social torture. If journalists can assume that they would be the victims, then it is obvious that they wouldnt want anyone to expose their predicament in the pub lic. Therefore, concealing the identity of victims appears ethically justifiable than exposing them. Bonnie and Annie reknowned authors on sexual violence further argue that individual victims should be given the right to decide whether their identity should be revealed or concealed (Bucqueroux and Seymou 24). Interferes with Investigations. While the advantages of exposing criminal offenses by broadcasters and editors are obvious, their negative implications on investigations cannot be underestimated. Identifying victims of rape through the media often give suspects and their accomplices an upper hand in manipulating and hiding evidence. Once a suspect learns that his / her actions have been exposed through the media they, quickly swings into action and begins to destroy possible links. Additionally, they use the media as a source of information regarding the progress of the investigations, giving them an opportunity to frustrate possible investigations. Concealing the name of vic tims makes the stories anonymous, and denies suspects the opportunity to use the media as a source of information that may assist in destroying possible evidence. As a result, we can judge adoption of restrictive measures based on the principal of the categorical imperative in Kent. In Kents eyes the morality of an action depends on the action itself (Allison 16). Taking restrictive measures to conceal the identity of victims can help in seeking justice for them. As a result, hiding their identity is morally justifiable. According to a report attributed to the University of Menisota concealing victims identity plays an important role in finding justice for them and in enhancing the healing process (Sarah Hasselquist,6).Complicated Recovery. According to Itzin and other authors, allowing a victim of sexual violence to suffer from public humiliation due to exposure complicates the recovery process (Itzin et al. 24). Exposing them to the public denies them the opportunity to heal witho ut feeling alienated from the rest of the society. Once exposed to the public glare, victims feel condemned and hardly recover from the pains associated with the violence. Mile's principle of utilitarianism alludes that an act can be judged as morally wrong and right depending on its consequences. Adopting restrictive measures encourages quick recovery while exposure of identity yields opposite results. It is ethically right to conceal the names of the victims due to the positive effects associated with the action (Green et al. 236). In 2013 the Kansas star carried a story of two girls who had suffered sexual violence . The victim had been released due to insufficiency of evidence. This leads to social media bullying of the two girls . It is obvious from such media bullyinhg that the two girls would hardly recover from the orderal (David Eulitt September, ... Ethics in Journalism Essay - 2750 Words Ethics in Journalism (Essay Sample) Content: StudentProfessorCourseDateExecutive SummaryJournalists are often faced with ethical dilemmas in their day to day activities. One such dilemma is the issue of revealing names of sexual violence victims. Sexual violence is a sensitive matter that is likely to stigmatize victims and affect various aspects of their psychological well being. While the law in many countries assures journalists of their right of expression, this right must also be weighed against their social implications on individual persons. Revealing the names of sexual violence victims, for example, is likely to inflict pain on the victims and affect their relationships with other persons. Consequently, reporters must consider the implications of their actions rather than the economic value likely to be attained after exposing serious crimes of sexual violence. This paper examines the advantages, arguments for and against more restrictive policies with regard to exposure of personal information, and con cludes that the identity of sexual violence victims should be concealed unless with express permission from the victims. Ethics in JournalismIntroductionAn important facet about sexual violence is that it is surrounded by many misconceptions (Klein 3). These misconceptions affect the societys perceptions about sexual violence victims and often hold them complicit. These misconceptions also serve to stigmatize victims, conceal perpetrators, and downplay or even justify sexual aggression against some members of the society. Instead of condemning and punishing perpetrators, these misconceptions often result in condemning the victims. In some societies, for example, victims are often viewed as the causes of their own predicament. In some instances, women are said to have caused their own troubles (Meloy and Miller 43). Consequently, the society appears to blame victims and induce more suffering to them. As a result, very few people report sexual crimes for fear of exposure and likely st igmatization. Sexual violence, despite its prevalence in many places, ranks as one of the least reported crimes due to this immense fear. The overall objective of this paper is to argue why the identity of sexual violence victims should be concealed and provide alternative measures of helping such victims. In order to achieve the said objective, the paper looks into the merits and demerits of concealing sexual violence victims identity. BackgroundWe live in societies which view rape and other forms of sexual violence as private matters between a woman and a man (Klein 8). Additionally, societies perceive sexual violence victims as their own enemies. For women, it is assumed that they contributed to the crime by being in the public space or even dressing inappropriate (Klein 10). Statistical data on sexual violence from many parts of the world indicate that a majority of sexual violence crimes is perpetrated by men against women. This complexity, introduces a new twist which tends to protect the perpetrators of the crime. Men who perpetrate sexual violence are often concealed and protected by their families, and in some instances by administrators. Arguments for Adopting Restrictive Measures There are many arguments that have been advanced by authors why restrictive measures that prevent exposure of sexual violence victims names should be adopted. Some of these reasons will be discussed in this section. Stigmatization. In the early 1990s, rape and sex related crimes were rated as some of the most unreported criminal offenses in the United States and elsewhere. Despite legalization of media freedom, media houses adopted a non-disclosure principle that aimed at concealing the identity of victims. This principle was arrived at after a realization that sexual violence victims were faced with stigmatization following the disclosure of their identity (Klein 12). This stigma emanates mainly from the fact that sexual violence is associated with many misconceptions. Som e of these misconceptions tend to elevate men while demeaning women. Consequently, a woman who is sexually abused is often seen as the cause of such abuse. Another misconception views sexual offenders as abnormal members of the society or drug addicts, which is not always the case. People who are sexually abused feel stigmatized as a result of being associated with such people. A third misconception that causes stigmatization results from the fact that sexual violence victims are associated with immorality. Instead of receiving empathy, these victims are often condemned, making them feel unwanted in the society. These misconceptions and many others, causes psychological torture after exposure of ones identity. Exposure of sexual violence victims, not only stigmatizes the victims, but also the victims family members and friends. Members of the society have a tendency of condemning a victim, as well as his friends and family members. Often, victims are seen as ill mannered persons ma king their parents and friends suffer condemnation with equal measure. No single parent would be happy to hear that his / her child being reported as a victim of sexual violence. Stigmatization is a negative consequence of exposure, therefore, adopting restrictive measures is ethically right going by arguments proposed by Mile's principle of utilitarianism that considers the consequences of actions (Green et al. 234). Miles principle considers an action unethical if its consequences are likely to cause harm on an individual (Miles and Michael, 222). According to a research report regarding stigmatization on Rwandas genocide rape victims it emerged that stigmatization from the society has continued to deny them peaceful coexistence with other persons. Several decades after the genocide, some women are still stigmatized and feel isolated from the society (Odeth Kantengwa 18). Psychological Torture. Sexual violence is a humiliating crime that causes serious psychological changes in th e life of the victims, this is in accordance with observations made by Itzin and others (Itzin et al. 4). Various studies indicate that sexual violence causes low self esteem, brings suicidal thoughts and affects the overall behavior of individuals (Heise 16). Some victims experience mixed reactions while others may entertain suicidal thoughts. Overall, victims of sexual violence require psychiatric care and anything that may induce negative reactions should be avoided. Exposing them through print and broadcast media only serves to worsen their psychological state. Exposure through broadcast media adds to the psychological torture and can be often construed as a way of mocking the suffering individual. Rawls Veil of ignorance (Rawls 39) can be applied to weigh the ethical standing of exposure of victims names with regard to social torture. If journalists can assume that they would be the victims, then it is obvious that they wouldnt want anyone to expose their predicament in the pub lic. Therefore, concealing the identity of victims appears ethically justifiable than exposing them. Bonnie and Annie reknowned authors on sexual violence further argue that individual victims should be given the right to decide whether their identity should be revealed or concealed (Bucqueroux and Seymou 24). Interferes with Investigations. While the advantages of exposing criminal offenses by broadcasters and editors are obvious, their negative implications on investigations cannot be underestimated. Identifying victims of rape through the media often give suspects and their accomplices an upper hand in manipulating and hiding evidence. Once a suspect learns that his / her actions have been exposed through the media they, quickly swings into action and begins to destroy possible links. Additionally, they use the media as a source of information regarding the progress of the investigations, giving them an opportunity to frustrate possible investigations. Concealing the name of vic tims makes the stories anonymous, and denies suspects the opportunity to use the media as a source of information that may assist in destroying possible evidence. As a result, we can judge adoption of restrictive measures based on the principal of the categorical imperative in Kent. In Kents eyes the morality of an action depends on the action itself (Allison 16). Taking restrictive measures to conceal the identity of victims can help in seeking justice for them. As a result, hiding their identity is morally justifiable. According to a report attributed to the University of Menisota concealing victims identity plays an important role in finding justice for them and in enhancing the healing process (Sarah Hasselquist,6).Complicated Recovery. According to Itzin and other authors, allowing a victim of sexual violence to suffer from public humiliation due to exposure complicates the recovery process (Itzin et al. 24). Exposing them to the public denies them the opportunity to heal witho ut feeling alienated from the rest of the society. Once exposed to the public glare, victims feel condemned and hardly recover from the pains associated with the violence. Mile's principle of utilitarianism alludes that an act can be judged as morally wrong and right depending on its consequences. Adopting restrictive measures encourages quick recovery while exposure of identity yields opposite results. It is ethically right to conceal the names of the victims due to the positive effects associated with the action (Green et al. 236). In 2013 the Kansas star carried a story of two girls who had suffered sexual violence . The victim had been released due to insufficiency of evidence. This leads to social media bullying of the two girls . It is obvious from such media bullyinhg that the two girls would hardly recover from the orderal (David Eulitt September, ...

Lean Operation and Supply Chain Management Textile Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2022 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Fashion Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There is an increasing concern on lean operation and supply chain management in the textile and apparel industry which has changed significantly over last decades, due to global sourcing and price competition. One of the main reason for the interest in supply chain management caused by apparel industrys unique characteristics, such as fast fashion and short product lifecycle. At present, lean operation and supply chain management played an important role in textile and apparel. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lean Operation and Supply Chain Management Textile Industry" essay for you Create order This essay illustrates how an apparel company, Zara, achieved a tremendous success by take advantage of the practice of lean operation and supply chain. Lean operation mainly focuses on eliminating waste and minimizing the time between a customers order and delivery. Lean concept is a much faster, better and less-expensive way of get the right done at the right place. It not only attempts to eliminate material waste, but also the reduce time in order to enhance efficiency and improve processes. In other word, Lean operation allows Zara to get low cost advantage and short lead times over its competitors. 2.Zaras operation management practice Zara demonstrates clear advantages over its rivals by lean operations. Zara applies the latest software application and unique business strategies to ensure that its overall capabilities are developed to their full potential. This leads Zaras business procedures performing more efficiently throughout all levels of the business. This allows Z ara to not only update all relevant information, but also monitor and evaluate information such as sales, returns or pricing. These enhancements mean that efficiency is improved in all aspects of the supply chain. sales can be precisely monitored at POS terminals across all stores allows Zara to recognize when necessary strategic decisions need to be made in relation to supply and demand. Such communication between stores and other levels of the supply chain . This in turn makes sure that the alignment between the demand at store level and the supply at its headquarters is optimal. Therefore stock control is more precise; shipment and replenishment is more efficient and ordering time is minimal. Zaras success is partly depend on such lean operation and effective communication from customer to store manager, from retail sector to design section and from production to distribution. it takes advantage of lean operation in order to take control of almost every aspect of design, ma rketing, production, retailing and distribution. A constant cooperation throughout every step of Zaras supply chain provides competitive advantages to Zaras fast fashion strategy, information flow transfer among customers, store managers, marketing employee ,designers, production employee, warehouse managers and distributors managers, and so on. Zara has made significantly efforts to ensure each progress is very efficient and information flow transfer easier to facilitate operational procedures, performance assessment, and the location of every store and office layouts. It shows that operation management is one of major activities for Zara to support its fast fashion system. it is effective solution to connect all of Zaras operations worldwide network and automating processes. this lean practices is entirely compatible to Zaras supply chain. Zara use such system to differ substantially from its competitors. Zara invests on prompt lean pratices. To keep up with fast reaction to busin ess procedural changes, supply chain management will probably ensure flexibility and quick response. 2.1 Lean operation used in design progess Today, many people still take a narrow view of lean opearion, they view lean operation as cost reduction, mainly in terms of the costs they can save. Cost control is definitely an important part of lean operation. After all, if your rivirals can produce their products at a much lower cost, they could easily take over the market. However, some smart company view lean operation as their marketing plan and adding value for their customers. For instance, Zaras design involves in many efficient lean practices ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which only design products the customer demand. All processes performed just for the sake of creating customers Value. The lean manufacturer minimizes resources that are not only raw materials but also manpower and time. The lean criteria is that all activities, movement, resources and other input convert into final product efficiently. Zara has applied such lean criteria successfully. Product development is constantly working in order to adapt to new fashion trends . Designers and managers attend high-fashion fairs and exhibitions to obtain fashion information and then convert the latest fashion trends of the season into their designs. Other sources of design inspiration come from TV, Internet, film content or trend spotters. product development teams focus on venues such as university campuses and clubs around the world to capture fashion trends and customer preferences. Zaras product development teams have frequent dialogue via their internal IT system. Zara gave significant autonomy to each store manager in deciding the quantity of product needed by each store. Moreover, the store manager is able to decide which product to display in their stores and which product is to be sold at a reduced price. The managers responsibility is to make these decision based on market research and sales trends. Moreover, by employing young and fashionable member of staff ensures that employees also contribute by helping to report the sales analysis, th e product life cycles, and the store trends to the designers. There are specialized teams in headquarters to analyze feedbacks and information from each store, then design and produce their products. These sales analyses allow the designers to develop the right products to meet consumer Demand. Design team issues up to approximately 12,000 new design styles per year. Such a design concept obviously depends on the regular creation of new design. For example, Zaras designer team came up with approximately 40,000 new designs per year, from which only slightly more than one-quarter of them for production. Zara often follows the fashion trends of the high-fashion houses and offers similar products at much lower prices by using less expensive fabric. It also attempts to offer more colors and larger range of sizes to meet the need of consumers. After a prototype of new design was selected, a computer-aided design system is used to refine colors and textures. Limited number of new items were produced and presented in certain stores for a trial period and large volumes of the product are produced only if customerÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s reaction is positive. As a consequence, failure rates on new products is only 1% which is less than the average rate of 10% of other fashion retailers. 2.2 Lean Manufacture In fashion industry, the demand changes very fast due to new fashion trends and a volatile market situation. This demand is unpredictable and could vary and change completely in a short time, creating high difficulties for supply chain. To establish a lean supply chain is one crucial way for textile and apperal retailing company to enhance its performance and to gain competitive advantages. Zara has adopted lean manufacturing and combined this with practices in supply chain management for fashion retailing. In some extend, the lean manufacturing and supply chain management have become an universal solution in the apparel and textile industry. Zara has been able to obtain excellent success due to its lean manufacturing by vertical integration and fast fashion business strategies which provide Zara with a competitive advantage over traditional fashion retailers in the industry. Generally speaking, apparel retailers always try to keep lower costs by outsourcing production to develo ping countries where the lowest labor could reduce its manufacture cost. On the other hand, ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s subsidiary retailing chain adopted a successful diverse method of doing business through working through the whole value chain by in-house design, production, distribution and retailing. Highly capital intensity and vertical integration is a distinctive feature of ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s business model. From the upstream value chain, a subsidiary of Zara company, Comdietel, funnels fabric and other input supplied by external suppliers. More than half of the fabric was undyed which provide maximum flexibility to produce in-season clothes. Comdietel is able to dye and process gray fabric into certain pattern within only one week to meet the requirement of downstream value chain. Zara has 20 fully owned manufacture factories across the Europe. These factories use capital intensive production processes and provide cut garment and semi-manu factured products to approximately 500 in-house workshops. The relevant cutting machines and other systems produce semi-manufactured items and cut garments which will be transited directly into workshops. The progress looks rigmarole, but it is quite efficient because bar codes track the cut pieces through the every production steps. Workshops are located in labor-intensive areas across Europe such as Spain and northern Portugal. These workshops manufacture clothes in small scale to offer specialization in product type. The sewn clothes were sent back from these workshops to various product line under different brands. The center will inspect, iron and fold before sending finished garment to distribution center. The secret of ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s success is that vertical integration leads to short turnaround times and great flexibility. By implementing in-house production, zara has obtained high level of variety, quantity and frequency of new styled clothes. Zara adopts market orientation by reducing lead-times and increasing flexibility. Zara is able to upgrade products in its stores within 10 to 15 days from design to stores. Vertical integration decreased ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s stock to a minimum level and reduced fashion risk. In the mean time, providing small amount of products in a great variety of styles rendered Zara shorter lead times and high level flexibility. As a consequence of offering fewer amount of product more often, Zara obtains larger percentages of the full price due to in-season sell and thus achieve higher net margins on sales. By focusing on shorter response times to fashion trends and keeping up with fashion. Zara made efforts to make sure that its stores are able to offer latest fashion items that consumers desired at a given time. Zara can move from coming up a design to having clothes in its stores within 2 weeks. Short lead times is Zara one of the most important competitive advantages over its competitors. When ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s retail stores provide consumer with latest fashion items and gain huge amount of sales, its competitors have still struggled to catch up. In comparison, HMÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s lead time is more than 20 days. Traditional retailers use 4-6 months . 2.3 Distribution Excellent supply chain management mainly focus on the understanding and balancing three key dimensions of flexibility, inventory and cost. Zara is obvious example for it by managing these trade-offs efficiently. Zaras supply chains has improved business performance and drive competitive advantage. Improving supply chain management is considered as its the business model which resulted in rapid growth and profitability. A more systematic approach to inventory distribution is another feature of Zara. Each retail chain has its own centralized distribution system. Distribution center is located in Arteixo and small satellite centers across the world. In order to keep its stores refreshed with new merchandise every two weeks, the warehouses of Zara is simply a place to transfer merchandise rather than store them. Under IndetexÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s distribution system, most of merchandise stayed at the distribution centers for only few hours. Products are inspected and shipped immediately in distribution center. Store managers can check lists of items available to be shipped to their stores. Based on their store inventories, they can request quantities and type of products. However, ZaraÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸s international expansion required constant adjustment on distribution. Zara schedules the shipment by time zone to make sure distribute effectively. Zara uses this method to gain a competitive advantage by minimizing the lead times. 3.Conclusions Zara is experiencing significant growth and has great opportunity to continue that growth by its efficient lean practice in design and manufacturing process and effective supply chain management that is completely contrary to the rest of the clothing industry; Zara has possess a competitive advantage for itself in the sense of low prices and quick cycle times, introducing new fashions. For Zara, supply chain management is a strategic differentiator that leads to a competitive edge. Su pply chain management is more than a new name for logistic. Lean operation is not just concerned about cost control, Zara views its lean operation and supply chain as key strategy of its business models. The case study on Zara

Kabataan Sa Makabagong Henerasyon - 4601 Words

Essays. The essay was a popular form of expression for the early writers. As early as 1926 essayist expressed the need for literature that was native and national. Many essays first appeared as newspaper columns and later they were published in anthologies. In 1921 Zoilo M. Galang published Life and Success, the first volume of essays in Ebglish. In that year Zoilo M. Galang also published anoher book of essays, Master of Destiny. Among the early essay writers might be mentioned F.M. Africa, Francisco Benitez, Jorge Bacobo, Amador Daguio, Leandro Fernandez, M.M. Kalaw, Pedro de la Llana, I.V. Mallari, Ignacio Manlapaz, Fernando Maramag, Camilo Osias, Claro M. Recto, Carlos P. Romulo, and Eulogioo B. Rodriguez. Short Stories, Virginia R.†¦show more content†¦The students and the people in general learned English quickly. Even in 1899 there were English newspapers such as The Courier, Insular Press, and Manila Freedom. In 1900 the Daily Bulletin was founded, while The Cablenews started in 1902. The Philippines Free Press began in 1905, edited by F. Theadore Rogers. At first it was a bilingual weekly in English and Spanish. In 1908 it published the first Filipino short stories in English. In that same year, 1908, the University of the Philippines was founded. This school became the forerunner in the use of English for higher education. In October of 1910 the University of the Philippines ’ College Folio was published. This magazine printed the works of the first promising writers in English. These early selections were mostly ghost stories or folk tales explaining natural phenomena. Often the authors taught a moral message which was evident even at a first reading. Among the famous early teachers of English might be mentioned professors Dean S. Fansier and his wife Harrlott Ely Fansler, George pope Shannon, Tom Inglis Moore, Harold p. Scott, and C. V. Wicker. In literature classes they taught the works of Chaucer, Milton, Bonne, Shakespeare, Irving, Hawthorne, Emerson, Thoreau, Poe, Longfellow, Bryant, Harte, Holmes, Lowell, Shelley, Keats, Colerighe, Lamb, Joyce, Tennyson, Thackeray, Macaulay, and other famous writers. For composition themes they encouraged the students to write about folk tales and their ownShow MoreRelatedAng Pag-Aaral Sa Mga Makabagong Henerasyon Ng Tula: Isang Pagsusuri2693 Words   |  11 Pagesgaling sa salitang titik o letra, samakatwid, upang maging bahagi ng panitikan sa tunay na kahulugan ng salita, kailangan ito ay nakasulat. Ang alinmang bansa o bayang matatawag ay may sariling panitikan. Sa pamamagitan ng panitikan, ang kasaysayan at pinagdaanan ng isang bansay nababatid. Subalit kamiy naniniwala na ang panitikan ay kabuuan ng mga karanasan ng isang bansa, mga kaugalian, paniniwala, pamahiin, kaisipan at pangarap ng isang lahi na ipinahahayag sa mga piling salita, sa isangRead MoreAng Epekto Ng Teknolohiya Sa Pag-Uugali Ng Mga Mag-Aaral1584 Words   |  7 PagesTEKNOLOHIYA SA PAG-UUGALI NG MGA MAG-AARAL SA BARANGAY 68 SONA1, TUNDO, MAYNILA Ipinasa ni EMIL ALBERT V. BERTILLO KABANATA I – ANG SULIRANIN AT KALIGIRAN NITO 1. Panimula Tungkulin ng mga kabataan ang mag-aral. Kapag ang kabataan ay napagod na sa kanilang pag-aaral, sa pagrerebyu halimbawa sa kanilang pagsusulit, dalawa ang maaaringgawin nila. Una ay ang magpahinga o matulog para may lakas sila upang ipagpatuloy angkanilang pag-aaral. Sa kabilang banda, maaari silang magpatuloy sa paggawaRead MoreFliptop2681 Words   |  11 Pagesng pag-aaral ay tungkol sa pagsusuri sa mga wikang ginamit sa flip top, ngunit ano nga ba ang flip top? Ang fliptop ay isang paligsahan ng mga rapper o mga taong gumagamit ng rap sa pagsasalita. Ito ay may dalawang panig, bawat isa ay kailangang mag-rap sa loob ng isang minuto. Sarisaring panlalait, pang-aasar at pang-iinsulto ang laman ng rap na binabanggit ng mga kalahok. Paano nagsimula ang flitop? Ayon sa isang lalaki na nagngangalang Alaric Yuson o mas kilala sa tawag na Anygma, isangRead MoreFilipino Thesis4803 Words   |  20 PagesFar Eastern University Sampaloc, Manila Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance Epekto paggamit ng cellphone Sa Mga PilingMag-aaral Isang Proyekto Bilang Pangangailangan sa Filipino Ipinasa kay Professor Alicia  M. Cabrera Ipinasa nila Princess Mae Modesto Kim Atienza Talaan ng Nilalaman Kabatanata I Suliranin at Sandigan ng Pag-aaral Panimula †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1-2 Batayang Teorya †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Konseptwal na Balangkas ââ€"  Talahanayan Blg 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3

Statutory Obligations - Requirements and Constraints in Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Statutory Obligations, Requirements and Constraints in Ethics? Answer: Introduction Over the past few years, there has been development and expansion in the quality and range of family and child services in Australia. it is important to adopt a child centered and family focused approach when providing support to a child who has experienced issues of abuse and neglect. In order to build family resources and necessary kinship connections, it is imperative to focus on the immediate family, and actively involve the parents, the extended family and the support system (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2010). Section 5A of the Child Protection Act 1999 of the Australian law recognizes the importance of adopting a child centered approach by asserting that the best interests, well being and safety of a child should be considered paramount in any intervention (Queensland 2016). Consequently, family and child services comprise a blend of proven, established and innovative practices and interventions. The purpose of this paper is to is to develop a multilayered intervention plan for providing mental health and psychosocial support for a child struggling with abuse and neglect issues. Zoe is a young girl living with her mother, and little brother raised by a drunk and abusive father. The father was arrested for domestic violence and abuse, while Zoe ends up in foster care due to ensuing mental issues. This aims to develop a multi-layered plan to provide psychosocial support and reunite Zoe, her little brother and mother to live in safety. The figure below provides the proposed multi-layered intervention plan. A care package does not provide clear and specific interventions that need to be to be provided, instead it focuses on prioritizing the transfer of clients among the various components that represent the care continuum ( Belfer et al. 2007). In his conceptual framework, Hardiker, Exton and Barker (1991) offer an illustration of the provision of services at the different levels based on the health, developmental and challenges experienced by the client. The base level constitutes the universal services available to all children and families in Australia. It is imperative to note that child neglect and abuse cannot be separated from issues such as homelessness, poverty, drug and alcohol addiction, social isolation, mental health issues, and domestic violence (Commonwealth of Australia 2008). It follows that the provision of universal services, at the basic level, comprising policy framework to ensure poverty reduction, peace and security, good quality housing, income support, childcare , access to education and health, and other services play a critical preventative role concerning issues of child abuse and neglect (Commonwealth of Australia 2008). In normal circumstances, the provision of general universal services and the efforts from the family are adequate to meet the needs of the family, implying that there is no need for additional targeted interventions (Hardiker, Exton and Barker 1991). Nevertheless, in the case of Zoe, there is a clear violation of the basic universal services as the child is denied of her right to the services identified above. Moreover, the family unit is completely in dysfunctional due to the abusive father and non-protective mother. There is a clear lack of family effort to support Zoe and her young brother to feel safe and secure at the family level. In such circumstances, level 1 interventions comprising targeted social services are necessary. These services target the general population, or the entire target group and/ or community with the intension of aiding them to prevent the development of psychosocial problems. It is presumed that some parents need additional help and assistance above their own resources and the provisions of the universal services. The level 1 services are designed to provide care to the entire community, including promoting community resilience, establishing adaptive adjustments, community mobilization and community psychosocial education. Level 2 interventions are targeted to address early risks when they are detected or when they become obvious. These interventions comprise services that target children, families or sub-groups with identified risks to address emerging mild problems or prevent the development of mental health problems. The intervention is designed to prevent arising temporary crisis or address early difficulties to stop them from getting worse. Interventions are focused to prevent or reduce any emerging psychosocial distress and the approaches include placements, and task-centered methods. Second level support may vary from counseling , to parental support and classroom based psychosocial support for school going children. Level 3 interventions are targeted to address established difficulties or serious risks among clients. They target the treatment of children or target subgroups demonstrating severe challenges or extreme mental health issues. This level of intervention targets and addresses serious psychosocial stresses, including family breakdown, risk of significant harm and might include significant forced entry into a care system. The aim of level 3 interventions is to reduce any form of severe psychological distress, high risk behaviors, and significantly lower suicidal risks among children and family members. Moreover, level three interventions seek to address identified difficulties, establish links between children and family, facilitate parenting skills and restore family functioning. The goal is to achieve a reunion of the children with the family and foster independent living. Child Development and related Attachment Theories My plan is going to be influenced by theories surrounding child development and attachment issues. My understanding of child development is critical in assisting me to offer the most relevant and appropriate care to Zoe, her brother and mother. The theoretical background and framework will enable me to determine whether Zoe is proceeding as expected or not. Maslow (1968) highlighted the needs that every child has, including psychological, physiological, egotistical, and social and security, among others. Moreover, Pringle (2013) lists a number of needs that children require to be met in order to achieve satisfactory development including responsibility, security, new experiences, love, recognition and praise. The attachment theory argues that there is an interdependent link between the children care seeking behavior and the parent care provision (Bowlby 1969). A child who is seeking care expects that the adult parent would be available to provide the requisite comfort and protection that reduce sense of fear and satisfactorily meets their needs. It follows that the child will be attached to the caregiver, be it a parent or social worker that provides adequate care that meets their needs. In the case of Zoe, she feels insecure and unsafe. She is alone and has developed emotional trauma, especially when the memories of violence and abuse keeps coming back to haunt her. It would take serious care to win her trust, make her feel comfortable, safe and secure. According to the attachment theory, failure to meet Zoes care seeking goals implies that her behavior will become intense and this will ultimately weaken her attachment. It is important to focus on providing secure early relationships with Zoe, to secure good behavioral, cognitive and emotional outcomes. According to Seden (2002), there is need for early intervention targeted towards supporting primary caregivers, in this case Zoes mother, who has difficulties in establishing sensitive attachments because they have a long-term impact on the development of the child. Involve the child through establishment of resilience groups (level 1) I intend to involve Zoe in the plan through establishment of a child resilient group to offer her the required psychosocial support. Resilience is a concept that refers to the ability of a child or person to achieve recovery from a past challenging or traumatic event. According to Masten (2001), resilience relates to attaining good outcomes regardless of serious developmental or adaptation threats. In Australia, there has been a shift in focus of the psychosocial support programs from treating emerging symptoms to addressing and promoting resilience among children (Flynn, Dudding and Barber, 2006). Researchers have identified factors that contribute to the development of resilience among children, including competent parenting, positive peer relations, close social support, group activities and a high sense of self-worth (Tol et al., 2009). Seden (2002) observe that problem solving ability, pro-social relationships with adults and developing mental capacity to make sense of the abuse and neglect are critical to attainment of resilience. In the case of Zoe, she has to develop resilience from a childhood of domestic violence and abuse from her father. It is possible to build resilience by careful planning and supporting Zoe to go through the life changes and establish protective processes to prevent further neglect and abuse (Rutter, 1993). My role as a social worker would be to support Zoe in developing strategies to address the various risk factors in her life, while establishing protective factors to strengthen her resilience (Gilligan, 2001). Moreover, my plan in to establish semi-structured group activities involving Zoe to encourage social support, engage her in recreation with the aim of attaining normalization through peer discussion and group activities. Zoe would engage in weekly semi-structured group activities for 5 weeks with focus being to reduce stigmatization, attain peer support and foster participation. Involving the family through providing parental support (level 2) My plan is to promote and foster parental support in ensuring holistic psychosocial support for Zoe through involving and engaging her family. Interventions that target families, especially parents are critical in establishing strong psychosocial wellbeing of children. This is because the quality and nature of family experiences play an important role in shaping a childs ability to cope while growing up, and influences the quality of their mental health, parenting and relationships in future (Gilligan 1991). According to Wallen and Rubin (1997) family plays a critical role in mediating the potential negative effects of domestic violence, abuse and neglect through parental availability, physical protection and safety, support through communication and emotional sensitivity, and role models for promoting positive coping mechanism through control, safety and regulation of emotions. According to Guralnick (1997), a number of features are important to the child-parent relationship, includ ing the quality of the interaction, the range, appropriateness and diversity of experiences and promotion of childs safety and health. It is important to take care of the needs and context of the family system because strategies that do not engage the parents and children are not effective (McKeown, 2001). My plan entails reunifying Zoe with her younger brother and mother for them to live happily and safely. As indicated in the multi-layered care plan highlighted in the figure above, my focus for level 2 would be provision of family oriented counseling. The focus would be on scheduled home visits with the aim of building the capacity of Zoes mother to offer her the relevant support she needs. Zoe needs more focused care for effective reunion with her mother and brother, hence the need to integrate her family in the counseling process. I will provide a range of family support measures including provision of psycho-education sessions for her mother to increase her awareness and identification of the problem, provision of relevant support required by Zoe, and linking to available social services and support systems. I will also hold individual counseling sessions for Zoes mother to increase her wellbeing, given that she was also a victim of domestic violence, and increase her capacity to perform her caretaking duties. Research evidence indicates that involving parents in the child counseling process has positive outcomes for children and the various training interventions for parents have been found to be very effective (Diamond and Josephson, 2005). It is important to engage with Zoes mother and train her on the importance of getting involved in promoting the wellbeing of her daughter, providing quality care and transforming the behaviors and feelings of her daughter. Using the Ecological Approach to involve the community The Bronfenbrenner (1997) ecological model of child development provides a framework for understanding the critical factors existing in the childs environment and their interrelations. Bronfenbrenner (1997) hypothesizeda number of individual level, contextual, family and macro system risk factors that exposed children to abuse and neglect. The factors were mutually embedded and interrelated, and they often contributed in one way or another to child abuse and neglect (National Research Council, 2014). Contextual factors relate to the broad social system, including the neighborhood, poverty and employment that influence the functioning of the family. Poverty at household and family level arising from poor housing, unemployment, low income and single parenting often led to dysfunctional families, with high level of domestic violence, child abuse and neglect. Macro-system risk factors relate to the cultural and social fabric that contribute, perpetuate and maintain issues of domestic vio lence, abuse and neglect among children (National Research Council, 2014). A history of alcohol and substance abuse also contributes significantly to perpetuation, recurrence and continuation of domestic violence, child abuse and neglect. Parents with substance abuse problem were likely to engage in domestic violence and inflict physical and psychological abuse to their children and other family members. At the community level, a poor environment has significant social, environment and poor family conditions, which sustain the cycle of abuse and neglect for children (National Research Council, 2014). Lastly, individual characteristics that include inability to handle stress, mental health problems and social isolation all contribute to the creation and sustenance of the risks of child abuse and neglect. The ecological perspective offers some insights into the effects of negative family environments and the potential impact on the child. Studying these environmental factors will provide me understanding of the factors shaping Zoes mental health outcomes and guide me in implementing the multi-layered plan established above. The ecological factors have the potential of escalating the health outcomes and rendering any strategies developed ineffective. I intend to use the information gathered on the ecological factors to design effective strategies for engaging Zoes family, community and surrounding support systems to provide the requisite help she needs to be properly integrated in the community. Statutory obligations, requirements and constraints in ethics In most instances, the ethical standards in social work are always in line with the legal standards. Nevertheless, in some cases there is a conflict especially when the child in concerned. A social worker is expected to report any arising issues that may be considered critical when dealing with children under distress. Yet, the ethical principles require the social worker to maintain confidentiality, and only use the client information for the intended purpose. As a social worker, I will be forced to consider legal guidelines regarding disclosure of confidential information without the client consent. Other issues that may raise conflict is when Zoes parents request to get information and details concerning our social service sessions. Balancing Zoes right to privacy and her parents right to access information about the counseling session may also arise. Through open communication and adherence to the ethical and legal frameworks, my plan will address all issues case by case and ensu re that the best interest of Zoe taken front view. References Belfer, M.L., Remschmidt, H., Nurcombe, B., Okasha, A. and Sartorius, N., 2007. A global programme for child and adolescent mental health: a challenge in the new millennium.The mental health of children and adolescents: An area of global neglect, Edited by: Remschmidt H, Nurcombe B, Belfer M, Sartorius N, Okasha A. 2007, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons, pp.1-11 Bowlby, J., 1969.Attachment and Loss: Attachment; John Bowlby. Basic Books. Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2011. Family Engagement. [Online]. Available: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/f_fam_engagement Commonwealth of Australia, 2008. Australias Children: Safe and Well. A national framework for protecting Australias Children. Australian Government, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. [Online]. Available: https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/childprotectiondiscussionpaper.pdf . Accessed 2 May 2017. Diamond, G. and Josephson, A., 2005. Family-based treatment research: A 10-year update.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,44(9), pp.872-887. Flynn, R.J., Dudding, P.M. and Barber, J.G., 2006.Promoting resilience in child welfare. University of Ottawa Press. Gilligan, R., 1991. Family support and child welfare: Realising the promise of the Child Care Act 1991.On behalf of the child: Child welfare, child protection and the Child Care Act, pp.60-83. Gilligan, R., 2001.Promoting resilience: A resource guide on working with children in the care system. London. Guralnick, M.J. ed., 1997. The Effectiveness of Early Intervention. Baltimore: P.H. Brooks. Hardiker, P., Exton, K. and Barker, M., 1991.Policies and practices in preventive child care. Avebury Maslow, A.H., 1968. Towards a Psychology of Being. Second Edition. New York: Van Nostrad Masten, A.S., 2001. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.American psychologist,56(3), p.227-238 McKeown, K., 2001. Fathers and Families: Research and Reflection on Key Questions, A Springboard Publication, Department of Health and Children, Dublin: Stationery Office National Research Council, 2014.New directions in child abuse and neglect research. National Academies Press. Pringle, M.K., 2013.The needs of children. Routledge Queensland, 2016. Child Protection Act 1999. [Online]. Available:https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/C/ChildProtectA99.pdf Reinhold. Rutter, M., 1993. Resilience: Some conceptual considerations.Journal of adolescent health,14(8), pp.626-631. Seden, J., 2002. Underpinning Theories for the Assessment of Childrens Needs in Ward, Harriet Rose, Wendy (eds.) Approaches to Needs Assessment in Childrens Services, Jessica Kingsley Tol, W.A., Jordans, M.D., Reis, R. and de Jong, J., 2009. Ecological resilience: working with child-related psychosocial resources in war-affected communities. Wallen, J. and Rubin, R.H., 1997. The role of the family in mediating the effects of community violence on children.Aggression and Violent Behavior,2(1), pp.33-41.